KLM's technical area at Schiphol, like the entire ground operations must have 0 CO² emissions and be free of natural gas by 2030.  This area consumes a lot of energy, a smart and integrated approach is needed to reduce energy consumption at area level. Due to the grid congestion, electrification is not self-evident. The energy demand must be reduced and the remaining energy flows must be mapped and controlled so that the electrical building connection values (contract) are not exceeded.

The Rotterdam area development in M4H brims with potential to become the definitive circular hotspot, where material reuse and closing loops become daily practice. Merwehavens, leading the four-part M4H area development emerging from 2025, provides the perfect location. With excellent access by boat and road, and space on the short pier for outdoor and indoor material storage, we face a specific challenge: How can we reuse existing and future material and resource flows in M4H as high-quality and locally as possible?

Constructing, operating, maintaining and de-commissioning renewable energy generation systems and infrastructures requires energy and material resources. It raises the concern that the energy transition may consume much of the energy available to society. Assessing the Energy Return on Energy Invested (EROI or ERoEI) provides valuable information about the final “Net Energy”(NEA) that a given energy generation technology can deliver to support modern society.